Fever, cough and a sore throat are everyday complaints in Kerala, especially during and after the monsoon. Many of us reach for leftover antibiotics at home or ask the pharmacist for “something strong.” It feels like a quick fix, but this habit contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which the WHO recognises as a major global public health threat.
What Is Antibiotic Resistance?
Antibiotics fight bacteria. Over time, bacteria exposed to antibiotics can develop changes that make the medicines less effective or ineffective. These resistant bacteria survive, multiply and spread. Infections that were once easy to treat, such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia and wound infections, can then require different medicines, longer hospital stays and more expensive treatment.
Why Is This a Concern in Kerala?
- Self-medication: Easy access to pharmacies can tempt people to buy antibiotics without consulting a doctor.
- Monsoon illnesses can look alike: Viral fever, dengue and influenza may share symptoms with some bacterial infections. Symptoms alone cannot always identify the cause.
- Kerala’s efforts to tackle AMR: The state has undertaken antibiotic-awareness and stewardship initiatives. Public cooperation is essential to making these efforts successful.
Antibiotics Do NOT Work Against Viruses
Antibiotics do not treat viral infections. They are generally not needed for the following conditions:
- The common cold and most viral coughs
- Influenza (flu)
- Dengue and other viral fevers
- Most sore throats
- Most cases of uncomplicated diarrhoea
Taking antibiotics when they are not needed can cause side effects and contribute to antibiotic resistance.
7 Common Antibiotic Mistakes to Avoid
- Taking antibiotics without an appropriate medical prescription.
- Stopping treatment or changing the dose without medical advice.
- Using leftover antibiotics from a previous illness.
- Sharing antibiotics with family members or friends.
- Pressuring doctors to prescribe antibiotics unnecessarily.
- Taking antibiotics based solely on a pharmacist’s recommendation without the required prescription.
- Giving antibiotics to children without appropriate medical advice.
What Should You Do Instead?
- Consult a doctor: Seek medical advice before starting antibiotics, particularly if symptoms persist or worsen.
- Follow the prescription: Take antibiotics at the prescribed dose and duration. Do not stop, extend or alter treatment without consulting your doctor.
- Ask questions: Ask your doctor, “Is this infection bacterial or viral? Do I need an antibiotic?”
- Prevent infections: Wash your hands regularly, use safe drinking water, practise hygienic food handling and stay up to date with recommended vaccinations.
- Keep medical records: Maintain a record of antibiotics you have taken and share relevant information with your doctor.
When Should You Seek Medical Help Urgently?
Seek prompt medical attention if you experience:
- Difficulty breathing
- Severe dehydration or persistent vomiting
- Confusion or unusual drowsiness
- Blood in the stool
- Persistent or worsening fever
- Fever in an infant, particularly a baby younger than three months
Do not delay care if symptoms are severe. A doctor can assess the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.
Conclusion
Antibiotics are life-saving medicines when used appropriately. Unnecessary or incorrect use can contribute to resistance, making infections harder to treat in the future. Protecting these medicines is a shared responsibility of patients, doctors and pharmacists.
Disclaimer: This article is for general awareness only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalised medical guidance.