In 2024, Kerala saw a troubling rise in cases of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare but deadly disease caused by the brain-eating amoeba, Naegleria fowleri. This disease has caused heartbreak for families across the state.
In May, a five-year-old girl from Malappuram district tragically lost her life after bathing in a contaminated pond.
The following month, a 13-year-old girl from Kannur district also succumbed to the infection, underscoring the particularly devastating impact it has on young people.
By July, a 14-year-old boy from Kozhikode became the third victim in just two months, contracting the infection after swimming in another contaminated pond.
Despite medical efforts, he too tragically passed away, highlighting the serious and growing threat posed by this rare infection in Kerala.
How Does the Brain-Eating Amoeba Spread?
Naegleria fowleri thrives in warm, freshwater environments like lakes, ponds, and hot springs.
It enters the body through the nose when people swim, bathe, or dive in contaminated water. From there, it travels to the brain, causing severe inflammation and damage.
It’s important to remember: that this amoeba does not spread through drinking contaminated water or from person to person.
Infections only happen when water carrying the amoeba enters the nose — most often during water activities.
The risk increases in warm water, particularly during summer, when the amoeba thrives.
Symptoms of Brain-Eating Amoebic Disease
The symptoms of PAM start subtly but escalate quickly. Early signs may include:
- Severe headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Stiff neck
- High fever
- Sensitivity to light
- Altered mental state, confusion, or hallucinations
- Seizures
The disease progresses rapidly, with symptoms appearing within 1 to 9 days after exposure. If left untreated, it can be fatal within a week.
Seeking immediate medical attention is crucial for anyone experiencing these symptoms after exposure to potentially contaminated water.oms appearing within 1 to 9 days after exposure.
If left untreated, it can be fatal within a week.
Prompt medical attention is crucial for anyone experiencing these symptoms after being in potentially contaminated water.